New Approach to Measuring the Ankle and Toe Brachial Indices as New Markers for Early Detection of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: Lower extremity Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, or Plaque buildup, that reduces the blood flow to legs and feet. PAD affects approximately 230 million adults worldwide associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, leg amputation. The first-line method for diagnosis Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), which ratio ankle brachial higher systolic pressure measured in ankles arms. Toe (TBI), toe both arms, considered be alternative ABI screening PAD. TBI are on right left side, lower these numbers patient’s overall TBI. Clinical studies meta-analysis reviews have shown conventional measurement, uses a cuff, handheld sphygmomanometer continuous-wave Doppler tracings, provides acceptable-to-high specificity level but low sensitivity when compared vascular color ultrasound, and/or angiography methods. Another study has measurement greater than ultrasound diagnostic based waveforms. aim this clinical was evaluate VasoPad System comparing its results doppler Materials Methods: automated device using pulse wave measure arms dorsalis tibial posterior pressures, photoplethysmography second derivative (PTGSD) estimate pressure, patented (PTG) index marker volume plethysmography via cuffs during deflation. Vascular Color can diagnose stenosis through direct visualization atherosclerosis plaques waveform analysis. 3 types. type 1, triphasic normal no plaque, 2, diphasic seen there plaques, flow, 3, monophasic reflects diameter reduction > 50%. Results: sum values, called Sum Indices (SBI), gave 88.89% 100% detecting biphasic waveforms versus cutoff ≤ 1.36 (P 50% (Doppler waveforms) also early stage plaque extremities waveforms). provided remarkable similar those test ultrasound. In addition being useful screen detect PAD, offers detection waveforms), could provide treatment options thus reduce number complications.